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Title: Latest CyberArk Secret-Sen Practice Test Questions, CyberArk Sentry - Secrets Manager Exam Dumps [Q22-Q36]

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 Latest CyberArk Secret-Sen Practice Test Questions, CyberArk Sentry - Secrets Manager Exam Dumps
Feb-2024 Pass CyberArk Secret-Sen Exam in First Attempt Easily


QUESTION 22Which statement is true for the Conjur Command Line Interface (CLI)?
 It is supported on Windows, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and macOS.
 It can only be run from the Conjur Leader node.
 It is required for working with the Conjur REST API.
 It does not implement the Conjur REST API for managing Conjur resources.
ExplanationThis is the correct answer because the Conjur CLI is a tool that allows users to interact with the Conjur REST API from the command line. The Conjur CLI can be run on Windows, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and macOS operating systems, as well as in Docker containers. The Conjur CLI can be installed using various methods, such as downloading the executable file, using a package manager, or pulling the Docker image. The Conjur CLI supports Conjur Enterprise 12.9 or later versions. This answer is based on the CyberArk Secrets Manager documentation1 and the CyberArk Secrets Manager training course2.The other options are not true statements for the Conjur CLI. The Conjur CLI can be run from any machine that has network access to the Conjur server, not only from the Conjur Leader node. The Conjur Leader node is the node that performs read/write operations on the Conjur database and policy engine, and hosts the Conjur UI and API endpoints. The Conjur CLI is not required for working with the Conjur REST API, as users can also use other tools, such as curl, Postman, or web browsers, to send HTTP requests to the Conjur REST API.The Conjur CLI does implement the Conjur REST API for managing Conjur resources, such as roles, policies, secrets, and audit records. The Conjur CLI provides a set of commands that correspond to the Conjur REST API endpoints and allow users to perform various operations on the Conjur resources.QUESTION 23What is a main advantage of using dual accounts in password management?
 Since passwords are cached for both rotation accounts, it ensures the password for an application will not be changed, reducing the amount of blackout dates when a password expires.
 It ensures passwords are rotated every 90 days, which respects the expected downtime for a system, database, or application
 It ensures no delays are incurred when the application needs credentials because a password that is currently used by an application will never be changed
 Since there are two active accounts, it doubles the probability that a system, database, or application will successfully authenticate.
ExplanationDual accounts is a password management method that uses two accounts with identical privileges to access a system, database, or application. One account is active and the other is inactive at any given time. The active account remains untouched during password rotation, while the inactive account has its password changed after a grace period. This way, the application can always use the active account without experiencing any delays or errors due to password expiration or change. The advantage of using dual accounts is that it ensures business continuity and seamless access to the target resource, especially for high load and critical applications. References: Manage Dual Accounts, Configure dual accountsQUESTION 24What is the most maintenance-free way to ensure a Conjur host’s access reflects any changes made to accounts in a safe in the CyberArk vault?
 Write an automation script to update and load the host’s policy using PATCH/update.
 Use yami anchor [&] and wildcard (*) syntax to maintain its list of permission grants.
 Grant the consumers group/role created by the Synchronizer for the Safe to the host.
 Use PVWA to add the Conjur host ID as a member of the Safe.
ExplanationThe most maintenance-free way to ensure a Conjur host’s access reflects any changes made to accounts in a safe in the CyberArk vault is to grant the consumers group/role created by the Synchronizer for the Safe to the host. This means that the host will inherit the read and execute permissions on all the secrets in the Safe from the consumers group/role, and will automatically get access to any new or updated secrets in the Safe without requiring any manual intervention or policy changes. The consumers group/role is created by the Vault Conjur Synchronizer, which is a service that synchronizes secrets between the CyberArk vault and Conjur. The Synchronizer creates a policy branch for each Safe in Conjur, and assigns the consumers group/role to have read and execute permissions on all the secrets in the Safe. The Synchronizer also creates a delegation policy for each Safe, which allows the Safe admins to grant permissions to other users, hosts, groups, or layers12.The other options are not the most maintenance-free ways to ensure a Conjur host’s access reflects any changes made to accounts in a safe in the CyberArk vault. Writing an automation script to update and load the host’s policy using PATCH/update may work, but it requires additional effort and maintenance to ensure the script is always running and up to date with the changes in the Safe. Using yami anchor [&] and wildcard (*) syntax to maintain its list of permission grants may simplify the policy writing, but it still requires manual editing and loading of the policy whenever a new secret is added or removed from the Safe. Using PVWA to add the Conjur host ID as a member of the Safe may not be possible or advisable, as the PVWA is designed for managing human users and not Conjur hosts, and it may not have the necessary integration or authorization to do so3. References: = Vault Conjur Synchronizer 1, Synchronizer Policy Structure Grant permissions on secrets 2, Grant role permissions on all secrets in a Safe Privileged Access Manager – Self-Hosted 3, Privileged Web Access (PVWA)QUESTION 25Refer to the exhibit.In which example will auto-failover occur?
 
 
 
 
ExplanationAccording to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, auto-failover is a feature that enables the automatic promotion of a standby node to a leader node in case of a leader failure. Auto-failover requires a quorum, which is a majority of nodes in the cluster that are available and synchronized. A quorum ensures that only one node can be promoted to a leader at a time and prevents split-brain scenarios. In the exhibit, each option shows a network diagram of a load balancer and four nodes, one of which is crossed out with a red X, indicating a leader failure. The text below each diagram indicates whether there is a quorum or not. Option C is the only example where auto-failover will occur, because there is a quorum of three out of four nodes, and one of the standby nodes can be promoted to a leader. Option A will not have auto-failover, because there is no quorum, as only two out of four nodes are available. Option B will not have auto-failover, because there is no quorum, as only one out of four nodes is available. Option D will not have auto-failover, because there is no quorum, as none of the nodes are available. References: 1: Auto-failover 2: Configure auto-failoverQUESTION 26Arrange the manual failover configuration steps in the correct sequence.
ExplanationIn the event of a Leader failure, you can perform a manual failover to promote one of the Standbys to be the new Leader. The manual failover process consists of the following steps:Suspend replication for all Standbys and Followers and identify the best failover candidate. This step ensures that no data is lost or corrupted during the failover process. The best failover candidate is the Standby with the most advanced replication timeline, which means it has the most up-to-date data from the Leader.Promote the failover candidate to be the new Leader. This step changes the role of the failover candidate from a Standby to a Leader, and updates its configuration accordingly. The new Leader can now accept write requests from clients and replicate data to other nodes.Restore replication. This step re-establishes the replication connections between the new Leader and the other nodes, and rebases the replication of the other Standbys and Followers to the new Leader. This ensures that all nodes have the same data and are in sync with the new Leader.References: The manual failover configuration steps are explained in detail in the Configure Manual Failover section of the CyberArk Conjur Enterprise documentation. The image in the question is taken from the same source.QUESTION 27Where can all the self-signed/imported certificates be found in Conjur?
 /opt/conjur/etc/ssl from the Conjur containers
 /opt/conjur/certificates from the Conjur containers
 /opt/cyberark/dap/certs from the Conjur containers
 Log in to the Conjur UI > Conjur Cluster > Certificates > view.
ExplanationConjur uses TLS certificates for authentication between nodes and clients. These certificates are either self-signed by Conjur or imported from a third-party CA. All the certificates are stored in the/opt/conjur/etc/ssl directory from the Conjur containers. This directory contains the following files:ca.crt: The CA certificate used to verify all Conjur node certificates. This is either the self-signed Conjur CA certificate or the imported third-party CA certificate.server.crt: The server certificate used by the Conjur node for HTTPS and mTLS connections. This certificate contains the DNS names of the node and the load balancer in the CN and SAN fields.server.key: The private key corresponding to the server certificate.cert.pem: A symbolic link to the server certificate file.key.pem: A symbolic link to the server key file.References: Certificate architecture, Certificate requirements, Rotate certificates Learn more:QUESTION 28A customer wants to minimize the Kubernetes application code developers must change to adopt Conjur for secrets access.Which solutions can meet this requirement? (Choose two.)
 CPM Push-to-File
 Secrets Provider
 authn-Azure
 Secretless
 Application Server Credential Provider
ExplanationSecrets Provider and Secretless are two solutions that can minimize the Kubernetes application code changes required to adopt Conjur for secrets access. Secrets Provider is a Kubernetes Job or Deployment that runs as an init container or application container alongside the application pod. It retrieves secrets from Conjur and writes them to one or more files in a shared, mounted volume. The application can then consume the secrets from the files without any code changes, as reading local files is a common and platform-agnostic method. Secretless is a sidecar proxy that runs as a separate container in the same pod as the application. It intercepts the application’s requests to protected resources, such as databases or web services, and injects the secrets from Conjur into the requests. The application does not need to handle any secrets in its code, as Secretless handles the authentication and authorization for it. References: CyberArk Secrets Provider for Kubernetes, Secretless BrokerQUESTION 29Refer to the exhibit.How can you confirm that the Follower has a current copy of the database?
 Compare the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation from the Leader to the Follower you need to validate against.
 Count the number of components in pgstartreplication and compare this to the total number of Followers in the deployment.
 Validate that the Follower container ID matches the node in the info endpoint on the Leader.
 Retrieve the credential from a test application on the Leader cluster; then retrieve against the Follower and compare if they are accurate.
ExplanationThe exhibit shows a JSON object that contains the replication status of a database in a Secrets Manager cluster. Secrets Manager is a secrets management solution that securely stores and manages secrets and credentials used by applications, DevOps tools, and other systems. Secrets Manager can be deployed in a cluster mode, which consists of a Leader node and one or more Follower nodes. The Leader node is the primary node that handles all write operations and coordinates the replication of data to the Follower nodes.The Follower nodes are read-only nodes that replicate data from the Leader node and serve requests from clients and applications that need to retrieve secrets or perform other read-only operations.To confirm that the Follower has a current copy of the database, you can compare the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation from the Leader to the Follower you need to validate against. The pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation is a property that indicates the current position of the write-ahead log (WAL) in the database. The WAL is a mechanism that records all changes made to the database in a sequential log file, before they are applied to the actual data files. The WAL ensures the durability and consistency of the database in case of a crash or a power failure. The WAL also enables the replication of data from the Leader node to the Follower nodes, by streaming the WAL records to the Follower nodes and applying them to their local databases.By comparing the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation from the Leader to the Follower, you can determine how far behind the Follower is from the Leader in terms of the WAL records. If the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation values are identical or very close, it means that the Follower has a current copy of the database, and that the replication is working properly. If the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation values are different or far apart, it means that the Follower has an outdated copy of the database, and that there is a replication lag or a replication failure. In that case, you may need to troubleshoot the replication issue and resolve it as soon as possible.References = Secrets Manager Cluster Installation; Secrets Manager Cluster Configuration; Write-Ahead Logging – PostgreSQL DocumentationQUESTION 30When using the Seed Fetcher to deploy Kubernetes Followers, an error occurs in the Seed Fetcher container.You check the logs and discover that although the Seed Fetcher was able to authenticate, it shows a 500 error in the log and does not successfully retrieve a seed file. What is the cause?
 The certificate based on the Follower DNS name is not present on the Leader.
 The host you configured does not have access to see the certificates.
 The synchronizer service crashed and needs to be restarted.
 The Leader does not have the authenticator webservice enabled.
ExplanationThe cause of the issue is A. The certificate based on the Follower DNS name is not present on the Leader. This means that the Leader does not have a certificate file that matches the Follower DNS name used in the seed request, and therefore cannot generate a valid seed file for the Follower. This results in a 500 error in the Seed Fetcher container log. To resolve the issue, you need to import a certificate with the Follower DNS name as the subject alt name on the Leader, and create a copy of the certificate file with a name that matches the Follower DNS name used in the seed request1.QUESTION 31A Kubernetes application attempting to authenticate to the Follower load balancer receives this error:ERROR: 2024/10/30 06:07:08 authenticator.go:139: CAKC029E Received invalid response to certificate signing request. Reason: status code 401 When checking the logs, you see this message:authn-k8s/prd-cluster-01 is not enabledHow do you remediate the issue?
 Check the info endpoint on each Follower behind the load balancer and enable the authenticator on the Follower.
 Modify conjur.conf in /opt/conjur/etc/authenticators addinqthe authenticator webservice.
 A network issue is preventing the application from reaching the Follower; correct the issue and verity that it is resolved.
 Enable the authenticator in the Ul > Webservices > Authenticators > Enable and enable the appropriate authenticator webservice.
ExplanationThe error message indicates that the authenticator webservice is not enabled on the Conjur server. To enable the authenticator, you need to modify the conjur.conf file in the /opt/conjur/etc directory and add the authenticator webservice ID to the CONJUR_AUTHENTICATORS environment variable. For example, if the authenticator webservice ID is authn-k8s/prd-cluster-01, you need to add it to the existing value of CONJUR_AUTHENTICATORS, separated by a comma. Then, you need to restart the Conjur service for the changes to take effect. This will enable the authenticator on the Conjur server and allow the Kubernetes application to authenticate to the Follower load balancer. References: Enable the Authenticator Webservice, Configure the Authenticator WebserviceQUESTION 32After manually failing over to your disaster recovery site (Site B) for testing purposes, you need to failback to your primary site (Site A).Which step is required?
 Contact CyberArk for a new license file.
 Reconfigure the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader.
 Generate a seed for the new Leader to be deployed in Site A.
 Trigger autofailover to promote the Standby in Site A to Leader.
ExplanationAccording to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation1, the steps to failback to the primary site after a manual failover to the disaster recovery site are as follows:On the DR site, stop the Conjur Leader node using the command docker stop <container-name>.On the primary site, generate a seed for the new Leader node using the command evoke seed leader<new-leader-fqdn>. This will create a file named <new-leader-fqdn>.tar in the current directory.On the primary site, copy the Leader seed file to the new Leader server using the command scp<new-leader-fqdn>.tar <new-leader-fqdn>:<new-leader-fqdn>.tarOn the new Leader server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Leader seed file using the command docker run –name <container-name> -d –restart=always-v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p “443:443” -p “5432:5432”-p “1999:1999” cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch <new-leader-fqdn> <new-leader-fqdn>.tar On the new Leader server, configure the Conjur Leader node using the command evoke configure leader-h <new-leader-fqdn> -p <admin-password>On the new Leader server, reconfigure the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader using the command evoke vault sync set <vault-fqdn> <vault-user> <vault-password> <conjur-fqdn><conjur-account> <conjur-user> <conjur-password>On the DR site, generate a seed for the new Standby node using the command evoke seed standby<new-standby-fqdn>. This will create a file named <new-standby-fqdn>.tar in the current directory.On the DR site, copy the Standby seed file to the new Standby server using the command scp<new-standby-fqdn>.tar <new-standby-fqdn>:<new-standby-fqdn>.tarOn the new Standby server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Standby seed file using the command docker run –name <container-name> -d –restart=always-v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p “443:443” -p “5432:5432”-p “1999:1999” cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch <new-leader-fqdn> <new-standby-fqdn>.tar On the new Standby server, re-enroll the node to the cluster using the command evoke cluster enroll<new-standby-fqdn>The other options are not correct, as they are either unnecessary or incorrect. Contacting CyberArk for a new license file is not required, as the license is valid for both sites. Reconfiguring the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader is a step that should be done on the new Leader server, not on the DR site.Triggering autofailover to promote the Standby in Site A to Leader is not possible, as the Standby node is not aware of the manual failover and will not accept the promotion request.QUESTION 33You modified a Conjur host policy to change its annotations for authentication.How should you load the policy to make those changes?
 Use the default “append” method (e.g. conjur policy load <branch> <policy-file>).
 Use the “replace” method (e.g. conjur policy load – -replace <branch> <policy-file>).
 Use the “delete” method (e.g. conjur policy load – -delete <branch> <policy-file>).
 Use the “update” method (e.g. conjur policy load – -update <branch> <policy-file>).
Explanation= According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, the replace method is used to overwrite an existing policy branch with a new policy file. This method is suitable for making changes to the existing resources, such as modifying their annotations, permissions, or attributes. The replace method preserves the existing data and secrets associated with the resources, but removes any resources that are not defined in the new policy file. Therefore, to change the annotations for authentication of a Conjur host, the replace method is the best option.The append method is used to add new resources or data to an existing policy branch, without affecting the existing resources. This method is suitable for creating new hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying the existing ones. The append method will ignore any changes to the existing resources, such as annotations, and will only load the new resources or data.The delete method is used to remove resources or data from an existing policy branch, without affecting the other resources. This method is suitable for deleting hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying them. The delete method will remove any resources or data that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file.The update method is used to modify the data or secrets associated with existing resources, without affecting the resources themselves. This method is suitable for changing the values of variables or secrets, but not for changing the annotations, permissions, or attributes of the resources. The update method will only load the data or secrets that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file. References: = Annotation reference | CyberArk Docs; Policy load modes | CyberArk Docs; Policy – docs.cyberark.comQUESTION 34Arrange the steps of a Conjur authentication flow in the correct sequence.
ExplanationReferences:CyberArk Sentry Secrets Managerdocumentation: https://docs.cyberark.com/Portal/Content/Resources/_TopNav/cc_Portal.htm CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager course materials: https://training.cyberark.com/learn CyberArk whitepapers and technical resources: https://www.cyberark.com/resources/home/cyberark-secrets-manager The authentication flow begins with the requester presenting their credentials to Conjur. This can be in the form of a username and password, an API key, or another supported method.Conjur verifies the presented credentials against its internal database. If the credentials are valid, Conjur generates and returns a short-lived access token to the requester.The requester includes the access token with every subsequent request to access Conjur resources. This allows Conjur to identify the requester and authorize their access to specific secrets and functionalities based on configured policies.Finally, each request is evaluated against the Conjur RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) rules defined in its policy. These rules determine which users and roles have access to specific resources and what actions they can perform. Only requests that comply with these rules are granted access.QUESTION 35What is the correct process to upgrade the CCP Web Service?
 Run “sudo yum update aimprv” from the CLI.
 Double-click the Credential Provider installer executable and select upgrade.
 Double-click the AimWebService.msi and select upgrade.
 Uninstall and reinstall the CCP Web Service.
ExplanationThe correct process to upgrade the CCP Web Service is D. Uninstall and reinstall the CCP Web Service. The CCP Web Service is a component of the CyberArk Central Credential Provider (CCP) that enables applications to retrieve secrets from the CyberArk Vault using REST API calls. To upgrade the CCP Web Service, you need to first uninstall the existing CCP Web Service from the Windows Server Manager or the Control Panel, and then reinstall the CCP Web Service using the latest installation package from the CyberArk website. The installation package contains both the Credential Provider and the CCP Web Service components, and you need to run the AimWebService.msi file to install the CCP Web Service. You also need to make sure that the CCP Web Service has the correct configuration and permissions, and that the CyberArk CRL (Certificate Revocation List) is open from the CCP server.The other options are not correct processes to upgrade the CCP Web Service. Running “sudo yum update aimprv” from the CLI is a command to update the Credential Provider on Linux, not the CCP Web Service on Windows. Double-clicking the Credential Provider installer executable and selecting upgrade is a process to upgrade the Credential Provider on Windows, not the CCP Web Service. Double-clicking the AimWebService.msi and selecting upgrade is not a valid option, as the CCP Web Service does not support an upgrade option, and you need to uninstall it first before reinstalling it. References = Upgrade the Central Credential Provider (CCP) – CyberArk, Section “Upgrade the Central Credential Provider (CCP)” Central Credential Provider web service configuration – CyberArk, Section “Central Credential Provider web service configuration”QUESTION 36A customer wants to ensure applications can retrieve secrets from Conjur in three different data centers if the Conjur Leader becomes unavailable. Conjur Followers are already deployed in each of these data centers.How should you architect the solution to support this requirement?
 No changes are required.
 Deploy a Standby in each data center that can be promoted to the role of Leader.
 Extend the auto failover cluster to include Standby in each data center and allow for automatic recovery should the Leader become unavailable.
 Deploy a CP provider on the Follower server to provide offline caching capabilities for the Follower.
ExplanationConjur Followers are read-only replicas of the Leader that can serve client requests for authentication, authorization, and secret retrieval. However, Followers cannot perform write operations, such as creating or updating secrets, policies, or roles. If the Leader becomes unavailable, the Followers will not be able to sync with the latest data and will eventually become stale. To ensure high availability and data consistency, the customer should extend the auto-failover cluster to include Standbys in each data center. Standbys are also replicas of the Leader, but they can participate in replication and promotion. One Standby is configured for synchronous replication, which means it receives the same updates as the Leader at the same time. The other Standbys are configured for asynchronous replication, which means they receive updates from the Leader periodically, but not in real time. In case of Leader failure, the synchronous Standby can be automatically promoted to become the new Leader, and one of the asynchronous Standbys can become the new synchronous Standby. This way, the customer can ensure that there is always an up-to-date Leader that can serve write requests and sync with the Followers in different data centers. References: Set up Follower, Set up auto-failover cluster, Conjur architecture and deployment reference Loading …






	
	

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